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9/11 Litigations

Overview

Anderson Kill is counsel to lead plaintiff Christine O’Neill, the widow of former FBI counterterrorism chief John P. O’Neill, and thousands of co-plaintiffs in In Re Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001. That suit consolidates litigation originating in 2002, 2003, and 2004 by families of 9/11 victims seeking justice and restitution from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and multiple other parties, including individuals, institutions, and nation-states, that provided material support to al Qaeda.

Anderson Kill’s involvement in the litigation began in May 2008 when litigator Jerry S. Goldman, counsel since 2004 to the O’Neill family, joined the firm. Mr. Goldman is a member of the multi-district litigation’s Plaintiffs’ Executive Committee. Bruce Strong, a shareholder in Anderson Kill’s New York and Philadelphia offices, is also a member of the litigation team along with former New York State Supreme Court Justice Ethan Greenberg; trial attorney and chair of Anderson Kill’s White Collar Defense Group, Samuel Braverman; Trust & Estates shareholder Gabrielle Lese; and Alexander Greene, an associate in Anderson Kill’s New York

Mr. Goldman and co-counsel have pursued justice for the 9/11 families through a 20+ year litigation odyssey with many twists and turns, all the while pursuing access to long-withheld information that has confirmed likely foreign government support of the hijackers.

Prior to September 2016, U.S. district and appeals courts opined several times on whether sovereign immunity protected Saudi Arabia from accountability for the attacks. In September 2016, Congress enacted the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act and following that, in March 2018, the District Court permitted our case against Saudi Arabia to proceed into jurisdictional discovery.

Following years of discovery, plaintiffs obtained explosive evidence from their own independent investigation of the September 11, 2001 attacks apart from Saudi Arabia’s meager, and self-serving, discovery responses. Specifically, plaintiffs secured document productions from the FBI and other government agencies following President Biden’s Executive Order authorizing their release, and from the Metropolitan Police Service in the United Kingdom. Plaintiffs then painstakingly pieced together the evidence from these different sources and presented the evidence to the District Court in July 2024. In August 2025, over 21 years after Mr. Goldman filed the first personal injury and death lawsuit against Saudi Arabia, the District Court found that the evidence was compelling and ordered Saudi Arabia to stand trial in New York City courthouse for its documented involvement in 9/11.

Another milestone was obtaining judgments on behalf of over 3,000 claimants against the Islamic Republic of Iran (Iran), resulting in award compensation from the United States Victim of State Sponsored Terrorism (VSST) Fund.

Another milestone was suing the Republic of the Sudan (Sudan) and marshalling evidence demonstrating that Sudan materially supported al Qaeda in the years leading up to the attacks. In August 2023, the District Court found that Sudan must stand trial for its support of al Qaeda, denying its attempt to claim sovereign immunity, and in September 2024, the United States Courts of Appeals for the Second Circuit confirmed that the case against Sudan should proceed to trial.

Another ongoing effort is Anderson Kill’s attempt to secure billions of dollars in Taliban assets for the 9/11 community. When the Taliban unexpectedly overthrew the Afghani government in August 2021, it took over Da Afghanistan Bank (DAB), the central bank of Afghanistan, along with several billion dollars of assets. Anderson Kill moved quickly to add over 3,000 plaintiffs into suit against the Taliban, moved for damages judgments against the Taliban, and brokered a deal with co-counsel to secure the assets for the 9/11 community. Our attempts to secure the assets for the 9/11 community remains.

The Anderson Kill team communicates with the families on a daily basis and has, with co-counsel, conducted hundreds of hours of depositions, successfully fought over the release of thousands of pages of concealed evidence, and litigated challenging legal matters in United States District Courts in Washington, D.C., New York, and Chicago and the United States Courts of Appeals for the Second, D.C. and Seventh Circuits, as well as presented and defended four petitions for certiorari before the United States Supreme Court.  In conjunction with the case, Anderson Kill also filed amici before the United States Courts of Appeals for the Second Circuit and the United States Supreme Court.

As a member of the plaintiffs’ team, Anderson Kill has been involved in the passage of six pieces of federal legislation, one over a presidential veto, and has engaged with the Executive Branch over several different administrations.

“I speak to the widows and the children, the parents and the siblings. I know their pain, and I make sure their rights are going to be vindicated”.

Jerry S. Goldman

Events

Representing Victims of Terrorism in Federal Litigation Webinar

American Association of Jewish Lawyers & Jurists / April 1, 2024

Representing Victims of Terrorism in Federal Litigation (Update)

Lawline / November 21, 2022

Representing Victims of Terrorism in Federal Litigation

Lawline / June 8, 2020

September 11, 2001 and Loss Valuation Including Periods of Indemnity for Time Element Losses

American Bar Association Property Insurance Law Committee / April 8, 2016

News

Thousands of terror victims owed billions by Iran fear Trump deal will leave them behind

June 17, 2026

Billions in Bitcoin recovered by feds in huge ‘pig butchering’ fraud claimed by 9/11 families and other terror victims

January 24, 2026

US Judge Dismisses 9/11 Victims’ Compensation Lawsuit on Jurisdictional Grounds

September 22, 2025

9/11 Families Say This US Ally Helped The Hijackers. They’re Suing To Know The Truth.

September 11, 2025

Exclusive: As 9/11 Case is Approved for Trial, New Evidence Points to Wider Conspiracy

September 4, 2025

9/11 MDL Families Clear Immunity Hurdle To Sue Saudi Arabia

August 28, 2025

Family of 9/11 Victim Scot Suing the US Government

March 16, 2025

Taliban And Iran Ordered To Pay $144.7B For 9/11 Attacks

August 28, 2024

Hundreds Of 9.11 Families Seek Oversight For $3.5B Fund

May 6, 2022

9.11 Plaintiffs Spar Over Approach To $3.5B In Afghan Funds

March 30, 2022

Rival Sept. 11 Victims Near Potential Deal to Divide Afghan Central Bank Assets

March 22, 2022

Exclusive: New FBI documents link Saudi spy in California to 9-11 attacks

March 13, 2022

New York DA’s office debated whether it can beat Trump in court

February 24, 2022

Biden frees frozen Afghan billions for relief, 9 11 victims

February 11, 2022

More Sept. 11 Victims Who Sued the Taliban Want Frozen Afghan Funds

December 2, 2021

Twenty Years After 9-11, Anderson Kill Vows to Continue Pursuit of Justice for Victims

September 10, 2021

Suit Over Saudi Officials 9-11 Link Hits a Turning Point

February 10, 2021

Families of 9-11 Victims Press for Payment of Awards from Default Judgment against Iran

October 16, 2020

Jewish Lawyer Seeks Answers for 9/11 Victims

February 27, 2015

9/11 terrorist Zacarias Moussaoui claims Saudi involvement

November 18, 2014

’20th hijacker’ seeks role in civil terror cases

November 16, 2014

Plaintiffs Ask Court For Time To Assess Moussaoui Claims Of Saudi 9/11 Involvement

November 6, 2014

Zacarias Moussaoui wants to testify on al Qaeda terror financing

October 14, 2014

If A Bank Can Be Liable For Terrorism, Are The Saudis Next?

September 23, 2014

People

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Samuel M. Braverman

Shareholder , New York, Newark

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Jeffrey E. Glen

Of Counsel , New York

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Jerry S. Goldman

Shareholder , New York, Philadelphia

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Ethan Greenberg

Shareholder , New York

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Alexander Greene

Attorney , New York

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Gabrielle C. Lese

Shareholder , New York

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Bruce Strong

Shareholder , New York, Philadelphia

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Key Contact(s)
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Jerry S. Goldman
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Bruce Strong
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Alexander Greene
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Ethan Greenberg
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Gabrielle C. Lese
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Amy Zelen
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9-11 Litigation Timeline / 2004

March 10

Jerry S. Goldman files suit on behalf of Christine O’Neill, wife of former FBI counterterrorism chief John O’Neill, later certified as a lead plaintiff in In Re Terrorist Attacks, the multidistrict litigation that seeks redress for the families of 9/11 victims. This was the first suit filed on behalf of an estate of an individual killed on 9/11 directly against the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The lawsuit was filed on behalf of the O’Neill family and a putative class. The suit also names other governments as defendants, including Sudan. A companion class action case was filed simultaneously against banks and purported charities and consolidated with an earlier-filed individual case against Iran and the Taliban.

2005

January 18

District Court rules on sovereign immunity grounds that plaintiffs cannot sue KSA. Plaintiffs appeal.

2008

May

Jerry S. Goldman joins Anderson Kill, beginning the firm’s involvement in the 9/11 litigation.

August 14

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit rules that suit against KSA cannot proceed on sovereign immunity grounds different from those invoked by the District Court.

2009

June 29

U.S. Supreme Court declines to review the finding of KSA immunity, accepting recommendation of the Executive Branch.

2011 - Ten Years

November

Second Circuit admits it erred in interpreting the law governing foreign sovereign immunity and overturns its 2008 holding.

December

Plaintiffs file motion with the District Court to reopen the case against KSA based on Second Circuit reversal.

2012

March

District Court declines to reopen the case against KSA.

2013

April 16

Second Circuit allows case to proceed against certain Saudi-based international charities, al-Qaeda funders, and financial intermediaries and dismisses certain foreign banks from the suit on personal jurisdiction grounds.

December 19

Second Circuit reverses District Court ruling and reopens case against KSA.

2014

June 30

Supreme Court declines to hear appeal of decision allowing the case to proceed against al-Qaeda funders, certain Saudi-based international charities, and financial intermediaries and dismissing certain foreign banks from suit. Supreme Court also declines to hear appeal of decision reopening the case against KSA.

2015

September 29

District Court again dismisses KSA on sovereign immunity grounds. Plaintiffs appeal to Second Circuit.

2016

Spring - Fall

Both houses of Congress pass the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (JASTA), narrowing the scope of sovereign immunity for nation-states that sponsor terrorism. President vetoes the act; Congress overrides the veto on September 28, 2016.

2017

February 7

Second Circuit vacates dismissal of KSA from suit, based upon JASTA, and remands case to the District Court for further proceedings.

2018

March 28

District Court denies KSA’s motion to dismiss and orders jurisdictional discovery against KSA.

2019-2020

U.S. Government claims “state secrets” and “law enforcement privilege due to a pending criminal investigation,” and invokes a “core records approach” to limit plaintiffs’ access to key documents and information held by the U.S.

November 21, 2019

Congress passes Clarification Act, expanding scope of participants in the Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism (VSST) Fund. Anderson Kill secures $11.9 billion in judgments, plus interest, against Iran for 1772 claimants and files their claims with the VSST Fund, which awards compensation in 2020.

December 28, 2020

The Sudan Claims Resolution Act is enacted allowing case to proceed against Sudan.

2021 - Twenty Years

May 10

Anderson Kill files Administrative Procedure Act suit against U.S. Government seeking that additional funds be allocated to the VSST Fund pursuant to the Clarification Act.

August

Expert discovery complete as to defendant bank, Saudi-based international charities, and al-Qaeda funders.

August

The Taliban unexpectedly overthrows the Afghani government and takes over Da Afghanistan Bank (DAB), along with billions of dollars of assets.

2021

September 3

President issues Executive Order to re-review withholding of materials by U.S. Government – professes transparency, no law enforcement privilege and limited application of state secrets privilege.

2022

February 11

President Biden signs Executive Order and White House issues corresponding Fact Sheet confirming availability of Taliban assets for 9/11 community.

March 17

March 17, 2022 – Anderson Kill negotiates deal with co-counsel to secure Taliban assets for 9/11 community.

March/April

Metropolitan Police Service document production.

August 2022

U.S. Government substantially completes document production as to KSA in response to Executive Order.

2022

May - November

Anderson Kill adds 3,000+ clients to case against the Taliban and secures liability judgments on their behalf and files for damages judgments for over $55 billion, plus interest, that are presently pending.

August 1

Anderson Kill secures over $5 billion in judgments, plus interest, against Iran for over 700 additional claimants and files their claims with the VSST Fund for Fourth Round award distributions.

August 26

Magistrate Judge recommends Taliban assets should not be available to 9/11 community. Plaintiffs file objections.

2022

December 29

Congress passes the Fairness for 9/11 Families Act, authorizing a one-time lump-sum catch-up payment to certain VSST Fund claimants.

2023

February 21

District Court adopts Magistrate Judge’s recommendation that Taliban assets should not be available to 9/11 community. Plaintiffs appeal.

August 10

District Court denies Sudan’s Motion to Dismiss.

December 2023

Metropolitan Police Service document production.

October 2023 - April 2024

Briefing submitted to Court in connection with KSA’s renewed Motion to Dismiss and Plaintiffs’ Opposition thereto.

2024

July 1

Anderson Kill secures over $3 billion in judgments, plus interest, against Iran for over 400 additional claimants and files their claims with the VSST Fund for Fifth Round award distributions.

July 31

Oral Argument held in District Court on KSA’s renewed Motion to Dismiss.

September 3

Second Circuit confirms that case against Sudan should proceed to trial.

2025

May

Metropolitan Police Service document production

June 2

Anderson Kill secures over $800 million in judgments, plus interest, against Iran for over 100 additional claimants and files their claims with the VSST Fund for Sixth Round award distributions.

Summer

Anderson Kill adds clients to case against Taliban and secures liability judgments on their behalf and files for damages judgments for over $7 billion, plus interest, that are presently pending.

2025

August 26

Divided Second Circuit panel affirms District Court order that Taliban assets should not be available to the 9/11 community. Plaintiffs moving for rehearing.

August 28

District Court denies KSA’s renewed Motion to Dismiss. Confirms KSA must stand trial for its documented role in supporting the 9/11 attacks. KSA appeals.

September 9

Saudi Arabia files notice of appeal seeking reversal of Judge Daniels' landmark decision that Saudi Arabia must stand trial.

2025

September 22

Plaintiffs file notice of cross-appeal challenging certain of Judge Daniels' prior rulings, including exclusion of secondary liability theory.

October 31

VSST Fund announces total Sixth-Round distribution of $2.825 billion — $1.4125 billion allocated to 9/11-related claimants.

2026

January 2026

Anderson Kill learns of U.S. Government's EDNY forfeiture action involving ~$12 billion in Bitcoin allegedly linked to Iran; seeks to file claim against funds on behalf of clients with Iran judgments.

February 2026

February 2

Consolidated amended Bitcoin forfeiture claim filed combining Anderson Kill, Motley Rice, Kreindler, and Speiser Krause claims, totaling over $93 billion (excluding interest).

February 20

Plaintiffs move to compel the CIA to produce documents as to Sudan.

February 23

Oral argument held at Second Circuit in DIB personal jurisdiction appeal following completion of briefing.

March 2026

March 18–20

Small dissident plaintiff group files notice of appeal challenging Iran judgments and seeks immediate Second Circuit stay; Second Circuit denies immediate stay, allowing SDNY to certify judgments for Bitcoin proceedings.

March 19

Second Circuit rejects (8:5 en banc) rehearing in Taliban/DAB case.

April 2026

April 15

Saudi charities (WAMY, IIRO, MWL) serve opening summary judgment briefs.

May 2026

May 28

District Court grants 19 new Iran judgments for plaintiffs totaling $120,750,000.00, bringing the total Iran judgment amount for Anderson Kill clients to $21.6 billion (excluding interest).

June 2026

June 11

Attorneys for 99% of 9/11 families, including Anderson Kill, file unified brief in Second Circuit defending Iran judgments against dissident group's challenge.

July 2026

July 17

VSST Fund Special Master announces 7th Round distribution of at least $275 million in 2027.

July 28

Second Circuit schedules oral argument in both Saudi Arabia appeal and Iran judgment challenge appeal for October 7, 2026 on completion of briefing

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