Ship collision and grounding risks are rising because of a surge in GPS jamming and spoofing, prompting coverage concerns for marine policyholders.

Geopolitical conflicts have worsened the threat, affecting key commercial shipping routes in the Black Sea, the Baltic and the Persian Gulf, and GPS disruption is expanding, experts say.

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Traditional marine policies, including hull and machinery and marine cargo policies, typically cover losses from collisions or groundings, said Dennis J. Nolan, a shareholder in law firm Anderson Kill’s New York office.

Insurers are increasingly invoking cyber exclusions, but many factors determine whether they would preclude coverage in these incidents, Mr. Nolan said. “You have to look at the wording of the exclusion and its breadth,” he said.

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